Visual C++ .NET/Class/ref class

class, ref class, value class

<source lang="csharp">

1. include "stdafx.h"

using namespace System; class ClassMember {}; ref class RefClassMember {}; value class ValueClassMember {}; class Class { public:

   ValueClassMember  vc;
   ValueClassMember *pvc;
   ClassMember       c;
   ClassMember      *pc;
   int x;
   void write() { Console::WriteLine("Class x: {0}", x); }

}; ref class RefClass { public:

   RefClassMember    rc;
   RefClassMember   ^hrc;
   ValueClassMember  vc;
   ValueClassMember ^hvc;
   ValueClassMember *pvc;
   ClassMember      *pc;
   int x;
   void write() { Console::WriteLine("RefClass x: {0}", x); }

}; value class ValueClass { public:

   RefClassMember   ^hrc;
   ValueClassMember  vc;
   ValueClassMember ^hvc;
   ValueClassMember *pvc;
   ClassMember      *pc;
   int x;
   void write() { Console::WriteLine("ValueClass x: {0}", x); }

};

class ClassChildClassParent : public Class {}; ref class RefClassChildRefClassParent : public RefClass {};

void main() {

   Class      _class;
   RefClass   refclass;                            
   ValueClass valueclass;
   RefClass   ^hrefclass    = gcnew RefClass();
   ValueClass ^hvalueclass  = gcnew ValueClass();
   Class      *pclass       = new Class();
   ValueClass *pvalueclass  = & valueclass;
   Class      &rfclass      = *new Class();
   ValueClass &rfvalueclass = valueclass;
   _class.x       = 1;
   refclass.x     = 1;
   valueclass.x   = 1;
   hrefclass->x   = 1;
   hvalueclass->x = 1;
   pclass->x      = 1;
   pvalueclass->x = 1;
   rfclass.x      = 1;
   rfvalueclass.x = 1;
   _class.write();         
   refclass.write();       
   valueclass.write();    
   hrefclass->write();    
   hvalueclass->write();  
   pclass->write();       
   pvalueclass->write();  
   rfclass.write();       
   rfvalueclass.write();  

}

 </source>

ref class demo

<source lang="csharp">

1. include "stdafx.h"

using namespace System; public ref class MyClass { public:

   MyClass(String^ name, int age)
   {
       Name = name;
       Age = age;
   }
   MyClass(MyClass% myClass)
   {
       *this = myClass;
   }
   virtual String^ ToString() override
   {
       return String::Format("{0}"s Age is {1}", Name, Age);
   }
   void operator = (MyClass% myClass)
   {
       Name = myClass.Name;
       Age = myClass.Age;
   }

private:

   String^ Name;
   int     Age;

};

void myFunc(MyClass param) {

   Console::WriteLine(%param);

} void main() {

   MyClass myClass1("M", 30);
   MyClass myClass2("V", 8);
   myFunc(myClass1);
   myClass1 = myClass2;
   Console::WriteLine(%myClass1);
   MyClass^ myClass3 = %myClass2;
   MyClass myClass4 = *myClass3;
   MyClass% myClass5 = myClass4;

}

 </source>

ref class with member string variable

<source lang="csharp">

1. include "stdafx.h"

using namespace System; ref class Hello {

   String^ greeting;
   public:
   void Greet()
   {
       Console::WriteLine(greeting + "!");
   }
   void SetGreeting(String^ newGreeting)
   {
      greeting = newGreeting;
   }

}; int main() {

  Hello^ hello = gcnew Hello();
  hello->SetGreeting("Hello World");
  hello->Greet();
  hello->SetGreeting("Howdy");
  hello->Greet();

}

 </source>

Reference and Indirection

<source lang="csharp">

1. include "stdafx.h"

using namespace System; ref class RefClass { public:

   int X;
   RefClass(int x)
   {
       X = x;
   }

};

void main() {

   RefClass rc(10);
   RefClass ^o;
   
   o = %rc;                
   Console::WriteLine(o->X); 
   rc.X = 20;                
   Console::WriteLine(o->X); 
   int %i = rc.X;            
   i = 30;                   
   Console::WriteLine(o->X); 

}

 </source>

ref type

<source lang="csharp">

1. include "stdafx.h"

using namespace System; ref class RefType {

  String^ classname;
  public:
  RefType()
  {
     classname = gcnew String("RefType");
  }
  String^ GetMessage()
  {
      return String::Format("I am a " + classname);
  }

}; int main() {

  RefType^ r = gcnew RefType();
  Console::WriteLine(r->GetMessage());

}

 </source>

Stack References

<source lang="csharp">

1. include "stdafx.h"

using namespace System; ref class Square { public:

   int Area()
   {
       return d * d;
   }
   int d;

}; void main() {

   Square ^sqr1 = gcnew Square();     
   sqr1->d = 2;
   Console::WriteLine( sqr1->Area() );
   Square sqr2;                      
   sqr2.d = 3;
   Console::WriteLine( sqr2.Area() );

}

 </source>